1、 Eight common dangers

1. Illegal operation

Start, stop and move the machine without permission, do not give a signal when starting or stopping the machine, do not lock the switch, causing accidental movement, power on or leakage, forget to close the equipment, ignore the warning signs, warning signals, operation errors (refer to the operation of buttons, valves, wrenches, handles, etc.), and run.

2. Safety device failure

The safety device is removed, and the safety device is blocked, the function is invalid, and the adjustment error causes the safety device to fail.

3. Use of unsafe equipment

Temporary use of unstable facilities and use of equipment without safety devices.

4. Hand instead of tool operation

Replace the manual tools with hands, remove the chips with hands, fix the workpiece without clamps, and machine the workpiece with hands. The objects (refer to finished products, semi-finished products, materials, tools, chips and production supplies, etc.) are stored improperly.

5. Venture into dangerous places

Entering the culvert at risk, approaching the leaking place without safety facilities, not leaving the dangerous area during logging, skidding, transporting and loading, entering the oil tank or well without the permission of the safety supervisor, not starting the operation by "knocking on the side and asking for the top", entering the signal, getting on and off the vehicle at speed, burning in flammable and explosive places, taking the mine car without permission, walking on the drawworks, and not watching in time.

6. Climbing and sitting at unsafe positions (such as platform guardrail, car baffle and crane hook)

Work and stay under the lifted object, and oil, repair, adjustment, welding, cleaning, etc. when the machine is running, and have distracting behaviors.

7. Do not wear labor protection articles

Careless, blind and self-confident, and work without wearing labor protection articles in the process of operation.

8. Unsafe attire

Wear gloves when working near equipment with rotating parts and passing through bulky clothes and operating equipment with rotating parts.

2、 14 key points of investigation

1、 Whether there are "three violations" on the production site

■ "three violations" refer to illegal command, illegal operation and violation of labor discipline.

■ whether the employees operate according to the safety operation procedures and wear labor protection articles on site. There are different regulations on the allocation and use of labor protection articles for employees in different industries. For example, construction workers should be equipped with and use safety helmets, work clothes, work shoes, gloves, etc.; Smashers should be equipped with and use dust-proof and toxic masks; fitters and machine tool workers should be equipped with and use protective shoes and protective glasses.

2、 Whether the workshop and warehouse environment are clean and whether the materials are stacked orderly

■ if oxygen cylinders and acetylene cylinders cannot be exposed to the sun or stand upside down, the two cylinders cannot be stored in the same warehouse (they can be stacked at a distance of 5 meters in a spacious place with good ventilation). (pay attention to the emergency management and safety production practice platform, and carry out hidden danger investigation and training. There are drawings and basis, and there are special articles on gas cylinders.)

3、 Whether the management of dangerous goods is standardized

■ whether the management of highly toxic and explosive products is "five double", whether the hazardous chemicals are stored in a special warehouse, and whether the hazardous chemicals are provided with safety technical instructions and safety labels. (pay attention to the emergency management and safety production practice platform, and conduct hidden danger troubleshooting training, with pictures and basis)

4、 Whether safety devices and safety warning signs are installed in key projects and key equipment and facilities

5、 Whether the hot work is approved and effective protective measures are taken

6、 Whether safety precautions have been taken for dangerous operations such as high-altitude hanging and confined space operation

■ for example, formulate construction scheme and safety operation regulations, take safety precautions and set up safe areas on the operation site; Construction shall be carried out by units and professionals with corresponding qualifications; Appoint special personnel to conduct unified command on site; There are safety production management personnel for on-site supervision.

7、 Whether the settings of workshops, warehouses and staff dormitories meet the safety requirements

8、 Whether the workshops and staff dormitories are provided with safety exits and evacuation passages as required, and whether the fire-fighting equipment and facilities are provided as required

■ 1. Generally, there shall be no less than 2 safety exits in the plant; However, one can be set if it meets the following requirements:

(1) The building area of each floor of class a plant shall not exceed 100 square meters, and the number of production personnel at the same time shall not exceed 5.

(2) The building area of each floor of class B plant shall not exceed 150 square meters, and the number of production personnel at the same time shall not exceed 10.

(3) The building area of each floor of class C plant shall not exceed 250m2, and the number of production personnel at the same time shall not exceed 20.

(4) The building area of each floor of class D and e plants shall not exceed 400 square meters, and the number of production personnel at the same time shall not exceed 30.

■ 2. The evacuation passage of the plant includes stairs, walkways and doors:

The width of the evacuation staircase shall not be less than 1.1m, the width of the walkway shall not be less than 1.4m, the width of the evacuation door shall not be less than 0.9m and the door shall be opened outward (when the number of people is less than 50, it can be appropriately reduced, but the width of the door shall not be less than 0.8m). Stairs and walkways shall be equipped with emergency lighting and evacuation indicator lights.

■ 3. Fire fighting equipment:

The fire extinguisher shall be configured according to the hazard level of the enterprise. The fire extinguisher shall be selected according to the production nature of the enterprise. For example, foam or ABC dry powder fire extinguisher shall be equipped in petrochemical places, gas (carbon dioxide and halogenated alkane) fire extinguisher shall be selected for precision instruments, and ABC dry powder fire extinguisher shall be equipped in other places. (pay attention to the emergency management and safety production practice platform, and conduct hidden danger troubleshooting training, with pictures and basis)

9、 Whether the ventilation and dust removal meet the requirements

■ whether there are workshops that generate a small amount of heat, steam, smoke and dust in the production process, and whether the doors and windows are used for natural ventilation; Whether mechanical ventilation is used to eliminate harmful substances in serious workshops.

10、 Whether the electrical equipment and installation comply with industry standards and safety conditions, and whether the electrical equipment includes devices for power generation, transformation, transmission or consumption

■ 1. Transmission and distribution lines: Class A plants and warehouses, the nearest horizontal distance between class a liquid and gas storage tanks and power overhead lines shall not be less than 1.5 times the height of the pole, and class C liquid storage tanks shall not be less than 1.2 times the height of the pole. Wires in the plant shall not be connected and pulled randomly, and iron wire and copper wire shall not be used to replace fuses.

■ 2. When the length of the power distribution room is more than 7m and the building area is more than 60m, two outlets shall be set; The door of the power distribution room shall be opened outward; The windows of the power distribution room shall be protected from rain, snow and small animals.

■ 3. Electrical equipment shall be grounded.

■ 4. Electrical equipment such as switches and lighting in the production and storage places of dangerous goods shall be explosion-proof devices, wires shall be protected by non combustible tubes, and incandescent lamps in the warehouse shall be less than 60W (ordinary fluorescent lamps are prohibited).

11、 Whether the special equipment has valid safety use certificate

■ the use of special equipment such as boilers, pressure vessels, elevators and lifting machinery must pass the registration, testing and inspection of the quality and technical supervision department and obtain the use certificate.

12、 Have effective monitoring measures been taken for major hazard sources

13、 Whether relevant safety rules and regulations and safety operation procedures are implemented in place

14、 Other aspects to be inspected

■ 1. Whether the construction project has passed the "three Simultaneities" review of safety production.

According to the regulations, the construction projects that need to be reviewed in the "three Simultaneities" of safety production include: first, mine construction projects; second, construction projects for the production and storage of dangerous goods; third, construction projects in high-risk industries such as the use of hazardous chemicals; fourth, construction projects within the scope of supervision and management of major hazard sources; fifth, construction projects with fire and explosion risks; sixth, construction projects with great impact on the national and regional economy, Seven are construction projects that are otherwise stipulated by the state and the industry, and eight are other construction projects with more risks or higher risk levels confirmed by the work safety supervision and administration department. The review steps are divided into preliminary design review and completion acceptance review.

■ 2. Whether the high-risk enterprises have conducted safety assessment according to the regulations.

It refers to the production and storage of dangerous goods and the production, storage, operation and use of dangerous chemicals, mines, fireworks and other high-risk enterprises, as well as enterprises with major hazard sources, which must carry out safety assessment in accordance with national regulations.

■ 3. Whether employees work overtime.

■ 4. Whether some targeted key inspections and rectification work have been carried out according to the production characteristics of the industry, such as the safety status of the spraying workshop of the leather enterprises, and whether the high-risk enterprises have installed anti-static devices and lightning protection devices.

■ 5. Whether the person in charge of the enterprise, the safety management personnel and the special operation personnel are employed with certificates, and whether the employees have received "three-level training".